Rulers of Egypt

[Dates reflect the Julian year in which the various reigns began and ended. Since the new year began in different months in different regions, co-regencies were arbitrarily included or excluded, and the various regimes sometimes used accession and sometimes non-accession reckoning, these tables cannot accurately reflect the various rulers' official regnal years.]

Egyptian dates before 664 are the subject of current controversy and are thus omitted from these kinglists.

26TH DYNASTY
664-610	Psammetichus I (Psamtik)	Son of Necho I.
610-595	Necho II (Nekau)	Son of Psammetichus I.
595-589	Psammetichus II (Psamtik)	Son of Necho II.
589-570	Haaibre (Apries)	Called Hophra in Jeremiah 44:30.
570-526	Amasis (Ahmessu / Ahmose)	Probably a relative of Apries.
526-525	Psammetichus III (Psamtik)	Son of Amasis.

27TH DYNASTY
525-404		Egypt was ruled by the Persian empire during this period.

28TH DYNASTY
404-399	Amyrtaeus	Only ruler of the 27th dynasty.

29TH DYNASTY
399-393	Nepherites I (Nefaarud)
393	Psammuthis (Psimut)
393-380	Achoris / Hakoris (Hakor)
380	Nepherites II (Nefaarud)	Son of Achoris. Reigned four months.

30TH DYNASTY
380-362	Nectanebo I (Nakhtnebef)	Served as general under Nepherites II.
365-360	Teos / Tachos (Djeho)	Son of Nectanebo I.
360-343	Nectanebo II (Nakhtnebef)	Possibly a usurper.

31ST DYNASTY
343-332		Egypt was ruled by the Persian empire during this period.

ALEXANDER AND HIS IMMEDIATE SUCCESSORS
332-323	Alexander III of Macedonia	Called "Alexander the Great." Son of Philip II.
323-321	Perdiccas	Named regent at the death of Alexander. The empired was divided among Alexander's generals, who became satraps of the various provinces according to the Division of Babylon (323). Murdered in Egypt.
323-317	Philip III Arrhidaeus	Illegitimate son of Philip II and half-brother of Alexander the Great.
323-309	Alexander IV Aegus	Posthumous son of Alexander the Great. Last of the old Macedonian royal line.

THE PTOLEMAIC DYNASTY
305-283	Ptolemy I Soter	May have been an illegitmate son of Philip II and half-brother of Alexander the Great. Appointed satrap of Egypt under Perdiccas after Alexander's death. He revolted against Perdiccas in 320, leading to a new division of the empire. Declared himself king in 305.
283-246	Ptolemy II Philadelphus	Son of Ptolemy I.
246-222	Ptolemy III Euergetes	Son of Ptolemy II.
222-205	Ptolemy IV Philopator	Son of Ptolemy III.
204-181	Ptolemy V Epiphanes	Son of Ptolemy IV. Became king at age 5.
181-145	Ptolemy VI Philometor	Son of Ptolemy V. Ruled jointly with his mother, Cleopatra I, and Ptolemy VII Eupator in 152. Married his sister, Cleopatra II, in 176.
181-176	Cleopatra I	Reigned jointly with her son, Ptolemy VI.
170-163	Ptolemy VIII Euergetes	Son of Ptolemy V and brother of Ptolemy VI. Also called Physkon.
145-116	Ptolemy VIII Euergetes	Second reign.
131-127	Cleopatra II Philometora Sotera	Daughter of Ptolemy V. Reigned in opposition to Ptolemy VIII.
116-101	Cleopatra III Philometora Sotera Dikaiosyne Nikephoros	Brother of Ptolemy VII Neos Philopater and husband of Ptolemy VIII. Reigned jointly with Ptolemy IX and Ptolemy X.
116-110	Ptolemy IX Soter	Son of Ptolemy VIII. Co-regent with, and later deposed by, his mother, Cleopatra III. Also called Lathyros. Married his sister, Cleopatra IV.
110-109	Ptolemy X Alexander I	Son of Ptolemy VIII and brother of Ptolemy IX.
109-107	Ptolemy IX Soter	Second reign.
107-88	Ptolemy X Alexander I	Second reign.
88-81	Ptolemy IX Soter	Third reign.
81-80	Berenice III Philopator	Daughter of Ptolemy IX; niece and wife of Ptolemy X. Also called Cleopatra Berenice.
80	Ptolemy XI Alexander II	Son of Ptolemy X. Ruled for only a few days.
80-58	Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos	Son of Ptolemy IX. Also called Auletes and Nothos.
58-57	Cleopatra V Tryphaena	Wife and sister of Ptolemy XII. Reigned jointly with Berenice IV Epiphaneia
58-55	Berenice IV Epiphaneia	Daughter of Ptolemy XII and probably Cleopatra V.
55-51	Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos	Second reign.
51-30	Cleopatra VII Thea Neotera	Daughter of Ptolemy XII. Reigned jointly with Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV, and Ptolemy XV Caesarion
51-47	Ptolemy XIII	Son of Ptolemy XII.
48-47	Arsinoe IV	Daughter of Ptolemy XII. Reigned in opposition to Cleopatra VII
47-44	Ptolemy XIV	Son of Ptolemy XII.
44-30	Ptolemy XV Caesarion	Son of Cleopatra VII and Julius Caesar.