Rulers of Israel and Judah

[Dates reflect the Julian year in which the various reigns began and ended. Since the new year began in different months in different regions, co-regencies were arbitrarily included or excluded, and the various regimes sometimes used accession and sometimes non-accession reckoning, these tables cannot accurately reflect the various rulers' official regnal years.]

THE UNITED MONARCHY
1023/2 - 1011/0
Saul (Sha'ul)
Son of Kish.
1011/0 - 971/0
David (Dawid)
Son of Jesse (Yishay).
971/0 - 931
Solomon (Sh'lomo)
Son of David.

KINGS OF JUDAH
931 - 914
Rehoboam (Rechab'am)
Son of Solomon.
914 - 912/1
Abijah (Abiyah)
Son of Rehoboam. Also called Abijam (Abiyam).
912/1 - 871/0
Asa
Son of Abijah.
873/2 - 848
Jehoshaphat (Yehoshaphat)
Son of Asa.
854/3 - 841
Jehoram (Yehoram)
Son of Jehoshaphat. Also called Joram (Yoram).
841
Ahaziah (Achazyah)
Son of Jehoram.
841 - 835
Athaliah
Wife of Jehoram; mother of Ahaziah; daughter of Ahab and Jezebel of Israel.
835 - 796
Joash (Yo'ash)
Son of Jehoram and Athaliah. Also called Jehoash (Yeho'ash)
796 - 767
Amaziah (Amatzyah)
Son of Joash.
791/0 - 740/39
Uzziah (Utziyah)
Son of Amaziah. Also called Azariah (Azaryah).
750 - 732/1
Jotham (Yotam)
Son of Uzziah. Deposed by the Assyrians in 735 in favor of Ahaz.
735 - 716/5
Ahaz (Achaz)
Son of Jotham.
729/8 - 687/6
Hezekiah (Chizkiyah)
Son of Ahaz.
697/6 - 643/2
Manasseh (Menasheh)
Son of Hezekiah.
643/2 - 641/0
Amon
Son of Manasseh.
641/0 - 609
Josiah (Yoshiah)
Son of Amon.
609
Jehoahaz (Yeho'achaz)
Son of Josiah. Reigned three months.
609 - 598
Jehoiakim (Yehoyakim)
Son of Jehoahaz.
598 - 597
Jehoiachin (Yeho'achin)
Son of Jehoiakim. Reigned three months and ten days.
597 - 587
Zedekiah (Tzedekyah)
Son of Josiah. Conquered by Nebuchadrezzar of Babylonia.

KINGS OF ISRAEL
931 - 910/09
Jeroboam I (Yerob'am)
Son of Nebat.
910/9 - 909/8
Nadab
Son of Jeroboam I.
909/8 - 886/5
Baasha (Basha)

886/5 - 885/4
Elah
Son of Baasha.
885/4
Zimri
Reigned seven days.
885/4 - 880
Tibni

885/4 - 874/3
Omri

874/3 - 853
Ahab (Ach'ab)
Son of Omri.
853 - 852
Ahaziah (Achazyah)
Son of Ahab.
852 - 841
Joram (Yoram)
Son of Ahab. Also called Jehoram (Yehoram)
841 - 814/3
Jehu (Yehu')

814/3 - 798
Jehoahaz (Yeho'achaz)
Son of Jehu.
798 - 782/1
Jehoash (Yeho'ash)
Son of Jehoahaz.
793/2 - 753
Jeroboam II (Yerob'am)
Son of Jehoash.
753 - 752
Zechariah (Zecharyah)
Son of Jeroboam II. Reigned six months.
752
Shallum
Reigned one month.
752 - 742/1
Menahem (Menachem)
Son of Gadi.
742/1 - 740/39
Pekahiah
Son of Menahem.
752 - 732/1
Pekah
Son of Remaliah (Remalyah). Rival reign.
732/1 - 723
Hoshea
Conquered by Shalmaneser V of Assyria.

GOVERNORS OF JUDAH UNDER BABYLONIA
587
Gedaliah (Gedalyah)
Son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan. Killed after 52 days by his fellow Judahites.
587-539

After the death of Gedaliah, Judah was apparently administered by a series of Babylonian governors.

GOVERNORS OF JUDAH UNDER PERSIA
536 - c. 522
Sheshbazzar (Shashshu-aba-usur)
Some believe he is the same person as Zerubbabel; others that he is to be identified with Shenazzar (1 Ch 3:18).
c. 522-513
Zerubbabel
Son of Shealtiel.
c. 513-490
Elnathan (Elnatan)

c. 490-470
Jehoezer (Yeho'ezer)
Some date Jehoezer to some time after Nehemiah.
c. 470-465
Ahzai
Some date Ahzai to some time after Nehemiah.
465-454
Nehemiah (Nechemyah)

454-410

Additional governor or governors, names unknown.
c. 410-370
Bagohi (Bigvai, Bagoas)
Was petitioned for permission to build a Jewish temple in Elephantine, Egypt, in 407.
c. 370-333
Hezekiah (Yehezqiyah)


HELLENISTIC RULERS OF JUDEA
332-323 Alexander III of Macedonia Called "Alexander the Great." Son of Philip II.
323-321
Perdiccas
Named regent at the death of Alexander. The empired was divided among Alexander's generals, who became satraps of the various provinces according to the Division of Babylon (323). Murdered in Egypt.
323-315
Judea is originally allotted to Egypt under Ptolemy in the Division of Babylon
315-311

Judea controlled from Syria under Seleucus.
311-198

Judea once again controlled by the Ptolemies.
198-143

Judea once again controlled by the Seleucids.

THE HASMONEAN DYNASTY
166-160
Judah (Yehudah) Maccabee
Son of Mattithias, a priest. Until the reign of Simon, Judea remains under Syrian rule but Jews are free to practice their religion.
160-142
Jonathan (Yonatan) Apphus
Son of Mattithias.
142-134
Simon (Shim'on) Thassi
Son of Mattithias.
134-104
John (Yochanan) Hyrcanus I
Son of Simon.
104-103
Aristobulus I
Son of John Hyrcanus. Also called Judas (Yehudah).
103-76
Alexander Jannaeus (Yannai)
Son of John Hyrcanus.
76-67
Alexandra Salome
Widow of Alexander Jannaeus.
67-63
Aristobulus II
Son of Alexander Jannaeus.
63-40
Hyrcanus II
Son of Alexander Jannaeus. Overthrew his brother Aristobulus with Roman help and ruled under Roman authority.
40-37
Antigonus
Son of Aristobulus II.


THE HERODIAN DYNASTY
67-43
Antipater II
Roman administrator of Judea and Galilee. An Edomite by birth.
47-40
Phasael
Son of Antipater. Administrator of Judea.
47-1
Herod the Great
Son of Antipater. Administrator of Galilee 47-37, then "King of the Jews" 37-1. Married Mariamne, the grand-daughter of Aristobulus II.
40-38

Judea occupied by the Parthians.
4 BC - AD 6
Archelaus
Son of Herod. Tetrarch of Judea.
4 BC - AD 39
Herod Antipas
Son of Herod. Tetrarch of Galilee.
39-44
Agrippa I
Son of Aristobulus IV, son of Herod. Ruled Judea and Galilee.
44-52

Judea and Galilee ruled by a series of Roman prefects. See below.
52-93
Agrippa II
Son of Agrippa I. Ruled Galilee.


ROMAN PREFECTS OF JUDEA
AD 6-9
Coponius

9-12
Marcus Ambibulus

12-15
Annius Rufus

15-26
Valerius Gratus

26-36
Pontius Pilate (Pilatus)

37-39
Marcellus / Marullus
Is this one prefect or two?
39-44

Judea and Galilee both ruled by Agrippa I.
44-46?
Cuspius Fadus

46?-48
Tiberius Alexander

48-52
Ventidius Cumanus

52-60
Antonius Felix

60-62
Portius Festus

62-64
Lucceius Albinus

64-66
Gessius Florus
Last prefect before the Jewish Revolt of 66-70.