May 4, 2012
Terms
Be able to define or describe the following terms in a sentence or two and/or highlight two or three key points (such as might be included in a multiple-choice or matching-type question).
| Alexander the Great | Passion Predictions | Epistle vs. Letter | Household Codes | Paraclete |
| Hellenization | Last Supper | Integrity | Body of Christ | “The Jews” |
| Maccabean Revolt | Catechesis | Authenticity | Prison Epistles | Elder |
| Pharisees | Parousia | F. C. Baur | Pastoral Epistles | Antichrist |
| Sadducees | Pseudonymity | “Tentmaker” | Gnosticism | Docetism |
| Temple | Messianic Secret | “Zeal” | “Early Catholicism” | Testing the Spirits |
| Synagogue | Gethsemane | Judaizers | Symposium | Marcion |
| Jesus of History vs. Christ of Faith | Golgotha / Calvary | Fruit of the Spirit | Lord’s Supper | Mishnah |
| Old Quest | Apostle | Justification (by Faith) | Sacrament | Canon |
| No Quest | Kingdom of God | Paidagogos | Spiritual Gifts | |
| New Quest | Parable | Rudolf Bultmann | Apocalyptic | |
| Third Quest | Holy Spirit | Albert Schweitzer | Genre | |
| Source Criticism | “Palestinian” Jews | E. P. Sanders | Dualism | |
| Form Criticism | Hellenistic Jews | Covenantal Nomism | Brown Hypothesis | |
| Redaction Criticism | Jerusalem Conference | New Perspective on Paul | Composite Authorship | |
| Q | Circumcision | “In Christ” | Beloved Disciple | |
| Synoptic Problem | God-fearers | Pistis Christou | “I Am” Sayings | |
| Paraenesis | Defilement & Purgation | Righteousness of God | “Signs” | |
| Sermon on the Mount | Apostasy | Deutero-Pauline | Farewell Discourse |
Points to Ponder
Be able to discuss the following issues in a brief essay.
- What is “hellenization”? What is its relevance to the study of the New Testament? How did Jews in the Hellenistic era respond to the challenges of hellenization?
- What do scholars mean when they speak of the relationship between the “Jesus of history” and the “Christ of faith”? What were the major periods or phases of the “quests of the historical Jesus”? Who were the key figures? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each period?
- Albert Schweitzer’s critique of the Old Quest of the historical Jesus was that 19th-century scholars had modernized Jesus and remade him in their own image. To what extent do Christians today fall into the same trap? To attempt to answer this question, discuss the “problem of the historical Jesus” and scholarly attempts to address that problem in modern times. How have the various quests helped to refine the contemporary understanding of the Jesus of history?
- What are some of the major themes of each of the four Gospels? How did Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John depict the person of Jesus? What did they want their readers to understand about him? What strategies did they use to communicate their message?
- Describe the significance of Hellenistic Jews in the early Jerusalem church. What made Hellenistic Jews different than “Palestinian” Jews? Name two prominent Hellenistic Jewish leaders and the role(s) they played in the expansion of Christianity.
- Discuss the place of the book of Hebrews in early Christian thought. What issues does Hebrews address, and how does the book offer guidance for believers whose backgrounds were shaped by the religious currents and customs of the first century?
- Describe Paul’s relationship with the church in Galatia. What issues led to the conflict and frustration the letter of Galatians reveals? What was Paul’s response to these problems?
- How have 20th-century scholars approached the question of Pauline theology? What have been the major options for understanding the central concerns of Paul’s thought? Specifically, what did Schweitzer, Bultmann, and Sanders contribute to the study of this topic?
- What are the major themes or emphases in the Pastoral Epistles? What concerns are central to these letters, and how are they addressed? Why do many scholars believe that books like the Pastoral Epistles are deutero-Pauline?
- What is “apocalypticism”? Describe the phenomenon of apocalyptic as both a religious mindset and a literary genre. Discuss the book of Revelation as an example of apocalyptic thinking and the apocalyptic genre.
- Describe the distinctive nature of the Gospel of John. Give some examples of features that set this Gospel apart from Matthew, Mark, and Luke. How do you account for these unique features?
- Describe the situation to which the Johannine Letters were addressed. Namely, what crisis seems to have overtaken the Johannine churches? What instructions or warnings did the Elder impart to leaders and churches struggling to cope with this crisis.
- Discuss the formation of the canon of the New Testament. What influences shaped the church’s decisions about which documents should be included or excluded?
Format of the Exam
Part I. Fifty multiple-choice questions worth 5 points each, based on the key terms listed above and assigned Scripture readings (250 points).
Part II. One essay question (100 points). You will have a choice between three of the following questions:
- Describe how Jesus is presented in one of the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, or Luke). Show how your chosen Gospel puts a distinctive emphasis on episodes in the life of Jesus that are also found in the other Synoptics. How do these distinctive details advance the overall message of your chosen Gospel?
- Write a brief introduction to either James or 1 Peter, discussing questions of authorship, date, audience, and key themes. What can we surmise about the particular problems or concerns that gave rise to this New Testament letter?
- Describe how the author of Hebrews uses the imagery of sacrifice and priesthood to argue for the superiority of Jesus. Why might a first-century author embrace this imagery?
- Trace the role of the Holy Spirit in the books of Luke and Acts. What does Luke mean by this term? Where does the Holy Spirit appear in the narrative, and what does the Holy Spirit do?
- Describe the “New Perspective on Paul.” Why did this new perspective develop? Who are some of its leading figures? Compare and contrast the new perspective with the “old perspective” of classic Protestantism. Provide a reasoned argument either for or against this new perspective and its insights.
- Cite several examples of how the Gospel of John is distinct from the Synoptic Gospels. How do you understand these differences and what they may imply about the nature of John’s Gospel? Is the Gospel of John “history,” “allegory,” or something else?
